What could be the consequence of a researcher not disclosing conflicts of interest?

When a researcher does not disclose conflicts of interest, one significant consequence is the potential for biased research outcomes. Conflicts of interest might arise when researchers have financial or personal connections that could influence their work. If these are not disclosed, there is a risk that the conclusions drawn from the research might be swayed by these interests, whether intentionally or unintentionally. Lack of disclosure undermines the integrity of the research process and can lead to results that do not accurately reflect the evidence, potentially affecting the credibility of the researcher and the field as a whole. This is why transparency regarding conflicts of interest is crucial in maintaining ethical standards in research.

The other choices relate to aspects of study management or collaboration, but they do not directly address the ethical implications and consequences related to the validity of the research itself.