Which of the following is required for research involving children under Subpart D?

For research involving children, Subpart D of the Federal Regulations, which deals with the protection of children as research subjects, emphasizes the importance of both parental consent and the child's assent. The requirement for assent is crucial because it recognizes that children are capable of having opinions about participating in research, based on their developmental level and maturity. Obtaining assent demonstrates respect for the child's autonomy and individuality, ensuring that children understand what participation entails to the extent that they are capable.

Parental consent is required before a child can participate in research, but simply having parental consent is not sufficient when children are involved. The requirement for assent ensures that children are not treated merely as passive subjects. It promotes ethical considerations, affirming that children's voices and choices are acknowledged and valued in the research process. This dual requirement aims to protect vulnerable populations while fostering an ethical research environment.

In contrast, other options present incomplete or incorrect interpretations of the requirements under Subpart D, which could lead to misunderstandings about the protections needed for child participants in research.