Which statement correctly describes the relationship between an institution and its IRB(s)?

The statement that officials of the institution may overrule an IRB approval is accurate because it reflects the hierarchical nature of institutional review boards and the authority within the institution. While IRBs are responsible for ensuring that research involving human subjects adheres to ethical guidelines and federal regulations, they operate as part of the larger institutional framework. This means that institutional officials, typically holds positions with overall governance or administrative oversight, have the authority to make decisions that can affect IRB approvals.

This dynamic exists because institutions may have other considerations, such as financial, reputational, or operational factors, that come into play when evaluating research proposals. Consequently, while the IRB reviews and approves research based on ethical criteria, institutional officials have the power to reject a study even if it has received IRB approval.

In contrast to other options, the other statements lack accuracy since they imply absolute authority or autonomy of the IRB without acknowledging the broader institutional context in which they operate. This reflects the checks and balances present within institutional research governance.