Which study qualifies as research involving human subjects under federal regulations?

The study that qualifies as research involving human subjects under federal regulations is one that actively engages with individuals and gathers data that can be linked to them. In this context, a study of classrooms investigating reading comprehension involves interactions with students, who are considered human subjects. This type of research gathers direct information from human participants regarding their learning experiences and comprehension abilities, which aligns with the definition of research involving human subjects.

In contrast, other options do not meet this criterion as directly. A case study of a single individual's experience may involve human subjects, but its scope is limited to one person, and without further context on the data collected, it may not encompass broader research intentions. A theoretical analysis of educational techniques does not engage with human participants directly, as it focuses on concepts rather than empirical data collection from individuals. Similarly, a literature review on teaching methods synthesizes existing research rather than involving new data collection from human subjects, thereby not qualifying under the federal regulations for research involving human subjects.